The 36 per cent pay gap between part-time and full-time
workers is the main barrier to closing the gender pay gap and tackling in-work
poverty, the TUC says today (Thursday).
The warning comes as the Office for National Statistics
publishes its latest annual pay statistics at 9.30 this morning.
The ONS pay survey will show whether any progress has
been made in the last year towards closing the full-time gender pay gap;
currently 10.5 per cent or 15.9 per cent depending on the measure used.
But the pay gap between full-time and part-time workers
is far larger - 36.3 per cent - and has hardly fallen in 30 years.
There are currently over eight million part-time workers
in the UK, nearly three-quarters of whom are female. However, the proportion of
men working part-time today is at an all-time high, with the number of male
part-time workers more than doubling in the last 20 years.
A large number of part-time workers live in poverty, with
an average wage of just £8 per hour. Two fifths of part-time workers in the UK
earn less than the living wage of £7.45 an hour, while two in five part-time
workers in the capital earn less than the London living wage of £8.55.
The lack of high quality part-time work is illustrated by
the fact that the five highest paid occupations - aircraft pilots, chief
executives and directors of advertising and PR, marketing and sales, and
telecommunications firms - are all are dominated by men and have a negligible
number of part-time positions.
In contrast, four of the five worst paid occupations -
waiters and waitresses, bar staff, catering assistants and launderers - are
dominated by women and have more part-time jobs than full-time ones.
Recent research from the Resolution Foundation found that
while the UK has a high proportion of female part-time workers - the third
highest in the OECD - the quality of part-time work is low compared to other
countries.
More high quality part-time work is the key to reducing
in-work poverty and closing the gender pay gap, says the TUC.
The TUC believes that extending the right to request
flexible working to everyone, announced recently by the government, should help
more people to adjust their work patterns without having to change jobs.
However, employers still need to do far more to support part-time work, like
encouraging job shares at a senior level.
TUC General Secretary Designate Frances O'Grady said:
"We hope that figures published later today show that the gender pay gap
is narrowing.
"However, any small progress will be cold comfort to
the millions of mainly female part-time workers who suffer a far larger pay
penalty.
"Most women become part-time workers to balance work
and caring responsibilities. This shouldn't mean also having to abandon their
careers and accept poverty wages. It cannot be right that two in five part-time
workers don't even earn the living wage.
"No healthy modern economy should have an enduring
gender pay gap and growing in-work poverty. Unfortunately common sense
solutions such as senior level job shares and flexible working are rarely
available in the private sector, and are now under attack in the public sector.
Unless we change the way we work we will never eliminate the pay gap or tackle
poverty."